Ceacht 10
A Chairde,

The good news is that this is a very short lesson so it will give you an opportunity to revise what we have done to date. 

In this lesson we learn the present tense of regular verbs in the first conjugation.  The stem has one syllable.  
Once you are able to conjugate the two verbs in the book you will be able to conjugate a huge number of verbs as they will all follow the same pattern.

Once again we meet the term
Leathan le leathan agus caol le caol
Broad with broad and slender with slender

A consonant (an letter not a,e,i,o,u) can be regarded as slender or broad. If the consonant has either of the vowels i or e either side of it, it is regarded as a slender consonant.

If the consonant has either of the 3 other vowels (a,o,u,) either side of it, it is referred to as a broad consonant.

Please look at the two verbs below, dún and cuir
(1) n in the word Dún
This is a broad consonant because u is in front of it.

(2) r in the word Cuir
This is a slender consonant because it has i in front of it.

When we are putting new endings on to the root of the verb we try to keep "Broad with broad and slender with slender".

Dúnaim = I close
Cuirim = I put

Denice expressed this beautifully at the beginning of the course

Leathan le leathan agus caol le caol (broad with broad and slender with slender)
I think of this visually in terms of artistic symmetry and remember how sacred symmetry was to the ancient Irish in every facet of life.
It stands to reason it would apply to the language as it carried the weight of real power in the mind of the people.
Such verbal expertise is the reason the priests and poets held such high rank in the society.

Please see notes 1 and 2  in Progress in Irish book.

Other resources which should help in learning this lesson:

1.	Progress in Irish book by Mairéad Ní Ghráda

2.	Audio file for lesson10 available at http://www.philo-celtic.com/PII/Progress.htm  It can also be accessed from the Links section. 

3.	Grammar notes: http://www.oireasmedia.com/learningsolutions/languages/irish/piiforabhargramadai.pdf

4.	www.gaeilge-resources.eu  Progress in Irish tab.  Grammar explanation in Larry’s Notes

5.	Dictionary, book or online e.g. www.potafocal.com or www.englishirishdictionary.com 

6.	Suitable for testing yourself
7.	http://www.spicyirish.com/PI10.html    

8.	http://irish.rownw.com/xwds/l10.html 

HOMEWORK

When you feel that you know the two verbs cuir and tóg,
please conjugate send me the present tense, plus the negative, and interrogative of the words
Glan = clean
Goid = steal

The urú used with goid is n
An ngoideann tú? 

Send any comments/questions or discoveries to the class at philoprogress1-15b@yahoogroups.com

Slán go fóill
Máire