Ceacht 23:
isteach	in	adv. ( of motion)	
amach	out 	adv. (of motion)	
abhaile	home, homewards	adv.	
d'imigh sé	he went off	[v. ] + [ pron.]	
tháining sí	she came	[v. ] + [ pron.  # len.#]	
rith sé	he ran	[v. ] + [ pron.]	
shiúil sí	she walked	[v. ] + [ pron.  # len.#]	
léim sé	he jumped, he leaped	[v. ] + [ pron.]	
thit sí	she fell	[v. ] + [ pron.  # len.#]	
ó shin	since	[prep.] + [pron.  # len. #]	
cén áit?	where?	[question word] + [n. f2]	
sise	she (emphatic)	emphatic. pron. 	
go dtí	to, until	compound prep.	
ach oiread	either	[conj. ] + [ n. ]	
an ea?	is it?	[cop. ] + [ pron.]	
cúpla nóiméad ó shin	a couple of minutes since	[n. m4]+[n. m1] +[prep.]+[pron.#len.#]	

Past tense of the regular verb:
The Past Tense of an Irish verb was originally formed by placing the verbal particle "do", which causes lenition, in front of the Imperative mood of the verb. "Do" was abbreviated to D'  if the verb began with a vowel or f+vowel. In modern Standard Irish, however, "do" is omitted if the verb begins with a consonant although the lenition remains and D' is retained if the verb begins with a vowel or f+vowel.

Imperative mood: imigh (go [away] )		Past Tense: D'imigh sé (He went [away / off] )
Imperative mood: siúil (walk)			Past Tense: Shiúil sé (He walked)
Imperative mood: tit (fall / drop down)	Past Tense: Thit sé (He fell)

Because the consonants L and R are not subject to lenition, "léim" (leap / jump) and "rith" (run) appear the same in the past tense and the Imperative mood.

Past tense of an irregular verb:
We have already seen the past tense of one irregular verb, Bí (see Lesson 16). This lesson introduces another irregular verb, Tar (come), shown on page 50 of the book in its past tense form tháinig

Imperative mood: tar (come)			Past Tense: Tháinig sé (He came)

Note: cén is a contraction of cad é an